What is the normal Q angle for a female regarding knee lower limb alignment?

The normal Q angle for a female, which is an important measure in assessing knee alignment and tracking of the patella, is typically around 18 degrees. This angle is formed by measuring the intersection of two lines: one line drawn from the anterior superior iliac spine to the center of the patella, and another line from the center of the patella to the midpoint of the tibial tuberosity.

Understanding the Q angle is essential because it helps in evaluating the risk of knee injuries, as a larger angle can indicate an increased likelihood of conditions like patellar tracking issues or patellofemoral pain syndrome. The normal range for females, which is slightly larger than that for males, reflects anatomical differences that can affect biomechanics and alignment of the lower limb.

The other options presented either underestimate or overestimate the normal range for females, thus making them unsuitable choices. An 18-degree Q angle provides a reliable benchmark for clinicians and physiotherapists when assessing knee alignment in female athletes or patients.